Executives must wriggle free of management escapism and try leading instead, says Joe DiVanna
Senior executives are routinely caught in the profits-this-quarter trap. Majority shareholders typically get our attention, and our bonuses are often tied to performance metrics that reflect the philosophy of these shareholders: returns at all costs. Is this merely a form of modern-day corporate escapism? Is our responsibility as enablers of long-term corporate sustainability thwarted if we have to make compromises that are short-term in focus? Can the short-term productively reflect the long-term goals?
Senior executives are also faced with “I am almost retired” syndrome. Realising that you are just a few years from retirement can lead to the postponement of decisions that are essential to the long-term viability of an organisation. In extreme cases, some senior executives opt to ignore these types of decisions in the hope that the organisation might fix itself during the course of normal business. This behaviour is not exclusive to those nearing retirement – it can regularly be seen creeping slowly into one’s personal management-style based on the type of organisational culture.
These people are escape artists: they escape making the hard decisions by deflecting them to another time or to other people.
Leaders lead
The cure for management escapism is called ‘leadership’. Take a step back from the process of decision-making and look at the context in which decisions are made. A pattern emerges. In many cases, our avoidance of the decision is due to the fact it is a reactive decision. A condition or event has occurred; a decision to course-correct is needed; this decision is counter to the status quo – or more precisely – to the plan we are currently executing. That reactive leadership appears disassociated from the strategy or plan, making the senior executive seem not fully in control of the organisation.
Proactive leadership is easier said than done. Academics and scholars often extol the virtues of proactive leadership but are rarely on the frontline of decision-making where pressure to meet the expectations of multiple stakeholders is often overwhelming. The first step to curing this condition is to recognize that you have the disease.
The diagnosis checklist
Finding out if you are trapped in corporate escapism is not difficult. Ask yourself the following questions:
- Do you come out of meetings wondering what the meeting was about?
- Are you invited to meetings because the team needs your approval, or have you been invited for your input?
- Have you ever entered a crowded company elevator and asked yourself “what do these people do?”
- When you are in a meeting, have you ever thought “haven’t we already covered this topic in a previous meeting?”
If you are still reading this article, you are probably infected with the reactive management illness, which is the main cause for corporate escapism. How then do you turn reactive leadership into proactive?
Proactive leaders realize that periodically there are situations that are beyond their scope of control. In some cases these situations are the result of externalities of the market: changes in regulation, market interventions as a result of political agendas, or simply sudden changes in consumers’ attitudes. Beyond management control does not mean beyond the abilities of your management team to fashion solutions. The key for you as a leader is to engage your senior management team in proactive thinking, scenario planning, and developing a keen sense of how to execute options as events unfold. Leaders have a strategic plan. Proactive leaders assemble their senior management team regularly (at least quarterly) and ask a simple question: “What has changed in the world during the past three months that will impact our plan during the next six months, one year, two years?”
Reactive leadership teams allow circumstances to dictate how they will proceed. Proactive leaders anticipate multiple versions of the future and take corrective actions.
One way of thinking of this is to imagine you are captaining a ship travelling east, from New York to Lisbon. You know your true bearing won’t be far away from due east. However, as you cross the Atlantic, the Gulf Stream current is dragging the ship northward, and at the same time the wind is pushing the ship back westward. The ship’s engine is still running fine. Passengers are fed and in good spirits. Operationally, all is well as you drift further and further off course. As a result of these external factors, you – the chief executive or captain – must execute course corrections to maintain the heading. Experienced sailors can assess these factors and ‘tack’ the ship, using the forces of nature to increase the ship’s speed and maintain the course. Tacking does not happen in a straight line – it is a series of zigzag manoeuvres to overcome the external forces. With each move, we anticipate the direction and speed of the wind and currents and maintain an easterly direction toward Lisbon. As the ship gets closer to the destination, the movements become more and more refined. Management teams engaged in proactive leadership engage externalities in the same way by making a series of decisions to move the organization forward.
Assessing the business environment and making course corrections is key. In essence, it is simply a series of decisions that anticipate trends and events without throwing the strategy out altogether, or changing the entire implementation plan. But there is a catch. Not all decisions work. What if we make the wrong decision in a corporate culture that looks to blame someone and punish the guilty? Can we reward failure? In many management teams, fear of failure equals organisational paralysis. It is like letting the wind steer the ship and the current set the course. What separates dynamic companies from companies caught in a slow decline is a combination of two important tools at their disposal: having a proactive agenda for growth, and retaining senior managers that have moved from transactional leadership to transformative leaders.
Transactional vs transformative leadership
Transactional leaders strive for the status quo – keeping the ship afloat. They keep the engines running and the passengers fed. Their focus is operations, constantly reminding the organisation to reduce costs. How to know if your organisation is transactional focused? Listen for these key phrases:
- “We need a 5% across-the-board cost reduction”
- “Don’t replace people, our staff just needs to work harder”
- “This hasn’t worked, let’s bin the initiative”
What transactional management fails to realize is that you cannot save your way to prosperity, and you have to learn from lessons. No matter how hard you focus, you will never drop your cost to zero; you will never have 100% success in all new initiatives. The cycle of continual, generic cost-reduction and fear of failure becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy; it sends two clear messages to the organization: people (our greatest asset) will be cut loose at the first sign of trouble, and costs are not examined in the context of business processes – so, management doesn’t understand the complexities of the business. Transactional management teams use compensation systems and set key performance indicators to optimize the costs of facilitating the transactions of the day-to-day business by exchanging rewards for efficient performance.Transformational leaders, on the other hand, look beyond day-to-day activities, questioning the status quo, asking:
- “Is this the best way to do these things?”
- “Can we apply our products in new ways?”
- “Is this delivering the highest quality – or highest value – to the customers?”
- “Can other types of customers use our products in ways we haven’t imagined yet?”
Transformation management asks a lot of questions but gets few answers, because the aim is to encourage the organisation to think. Proactive leaders want the organization to think about the external and internal setting, not just the activities contained within their business processes; they want people to look at the externalities and think about how these trends or events will change what we do, what we make, and how we add value to customers. Transformational leaders outsource innovation, new ways of thinking, questioning of the status quo and the establishment of key performance indicators to the people who are at the coalface of the business: their employees.
The best laid plans…
For any leadership style to be effective, communication is key. In ineffective leadership styles, those that are reactive and prone to escapism, communications are often also reactive, transactional, convoluted and hard to tie back in to the corporate strategy. Staff see through it – they realize it’s inconsistent and often contradictory. Creating a strategic vision for the organisation is not describing some imaginary state of the organisation in five years; it is the process of providing clarity in what the organisation will become. Many people throughout the organisation will participate in the process of strategy creation and setting the vision for the organisation. Transformational leaders take each component and seek clarity (finer course-corrections) and communicate these changes to all stakeholders, always referring back to the corporate strategy. This continual feedback loop between the management team and the operational side of the business will transform the organisation. It will make it effective and resilient, able to sustain itself through thick and thin.
